新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情相关英文表达

Qter

新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情发生以来，党中央高度重视。习近平总书记多次对疫情防控工作作出重要指示，强调生命重于泰山，疫情就是命令，防控就是责任，要坚决打赢疫情防控阻击战。

中国翻译研究院翻译审定工作机制及时响应，按疫病名称，传染防控,政策举措，机构、职业群体和场所名称，病理症状，器具名称，其他医学名词等七个类别，搜集梳理、翻译审定了180条新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情相关词汇英文表达，供业界及相关人员参考使用。

一、疫病名称

1. 冠状病毒 coronavirus

2. 2019新型冠状病毒 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

3. 肺炎 pneumonia

4. 病毒性肺炎 viral pneumonia

5. 不明原因肺炎 pneumonia of unknown etiology/cause

6. 严重急性呼吸综合征（非典） severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

7. 严重急性呼吸道感染 severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)

8. 急性呼吸窘迫综合征 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

9. 中东呼吸综合征 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)

10. 呼吸道疾病（呼吸系统疾病） respiratory diseases

二、传染防控

11. 国际关注的突发公共卫生事件 Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

12. 乙类传染病 Category B infectious diseases

13. 人传人 person-to-person/human-to-human transmission

14. 行走的传染源 mobile source of infection

15. 潜伏期 incubation/latent period

16. 无症状的潜伏期 silent/asymptomatic incubation period

17. 特定传染病 specific infectious disease

18. 病毒携带者 virus carrier

19. 无症状携带者 asymptomatic carrier

20. 超级传播者 super spreader

21. 飞沫传播 droplet transmission

22. 接触传播 contact transmission

23. 病毒的蔓延 spread of a virus

24. 隐性感染 covert/silent/inapparent/subclinical infection

25. 外源性感染 exogenous infection

26. 密切接触者 close contact

27. 接触者追踪 contact tracing

28. 传染途径 route of transmission

29. 传播方式 mode of transmission

30. 宿主 host

31. 易感人群 susceptible/vulnerable population

32. 医院/院内感染 nosocomial infection; hospital-acquired infection

33. 职业暴露 occupational exposure

34. 确诊病例 confirmed case

35. 疑似病例 suspected case

36. 散在病例 sporadic case

37. 输入性病例 imported case

38. 二代病例 second-generation case

39. 传染性 transmissibility; infectivity

40. 致病性 pathogenicity

41. 疫情 epidemic; outbreak

42. 疫区 affected area

43. 发病 morbidity

44. 发热病人 patients with fever; febrile patients; fever patients

45. 重症 severe case

46. 发病率 incidence rate

47. 死亡率 mortality rate

48. 病死率（致死率） fatality/mortality/death rate

49. 治愈率 recovery rate

50. 疫情防控 epidemic prevention and control

51. 监测体温 to monitor body temperature

52. 体温检测 to check body temperature

53. 早发现、早隔离 early detection and early isolation

54. 隔离治疗 to receive treatment in isolation

55. 自我隔离 to quarantine yourself in your home; self-monitored quarantine

56. 临床数据 clinical data

57. 核酸检测 nucleic acid testing (NAT)

58. 血清诊断 serodiagnosis

59. 自觉接受医学观察 to present yourself to medical observation

60. 解除医学观察 to be discharged from medical observation

61. 诊断、治疗、追踪和筛查 diagnosis, treatment, tracing and screening

62. 预防措施 preventive measure

63. 疫苗 vaccine

64. 戴口罩 to wear a mask

65. 勤洗手/仔细洗手 to wash your hands often/carefully

66. 消毒 disinfection

67. 避免去人多的地方 avoid crowds

68. 健康筛查 health screening

69. 旅行限制 travel restrictions

70. 健康申报表 health declaration form

71. 海鲜市场 seafood market

72. 活体农贸市场 live animal market

73. 湿货市场 wet market

74. 野味 bushmeat; game

75. 果子狸 masked palm civet

76. 蝙蝠 bat

77. 竹鼠 bamboo rat

78. 獾 badger

三、政策举措

79. 突发公共卫生事件 public health emergency

80. 启动重大突发公共卫生事件一级响应 to activate first-level public health emergency response

81. 掌握情况，不漏一人 to have full knowledge of the situation (of the community) and leave no one unchecked

82. 遏制疫情蔓延 to contain the outbreak

83. 封城 A city is on lockdown./A city goes into lockdown.

84. 延迟开学 to postpone the reopening of schools

85. 延长春节假期 to extend the Chinese New Year holiday

86. （公共场所）消毒、通风以及体温检测 disinfection, ventilation and body temperature monitoring (in public areas)

87. 应急医院 makeshift hospital

88. 火神山医院 Huoshenshan Hospital (in Wuhan)

89. 雷神山医院 Leishenshan Hospital (in Wuhan)

90. 暂停海外团队旅行 to suspend overseas group tours

91. 关闭景点 to close scenic spots

92. 取消大型集会 to cancel mass gatherings

93. 减少外出 to make fewer trips outside

94. 控制人口流动 to curb population flow

95. 两周观察期 two-week observation period

96. 停运长途汽车 to halt long-distance buses

97. 调减市内公交 to reduce the frequency of bus services in the city

98. 特殊报销政策 special reimbursement rules

99. 紧平衡 in tight balance

100. 医疗物资紧缺 shortage of medical supplies

101. 日常基本生活物资 daily necessities

102. 跨境采购 cross-border procurement

103. 囤积食物 to stock up on food

104. 捂货惜售 hoarding

105. 瞒报 to underreport

106. 哄抬价格 price gouging

107. 顶格处罚 the maximum penalty

四、机构、职业群体和场所名称

108. 世卫组织 World Health Organization (WHO)

109. 中央应对新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情工作领导小组(中央应对疫情工作领导小组)  Leading Group of the CPC Central Committee for Novel Coronavirus Prevention and Control

110. 国家卫生健康委员会（国家卫健委） National Health Commission (NHS)

111. 中国疾病预防控制中心（中国疾控中心） Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)

112. 国家医疗保障局（国家医保局） National Healthcare Security Administration (NHSA)

113. 医疗机构 medical institution

114. 卫生机构 health institution

115. 医疗从业者 medical practitioner; healthcare professional

116. 医疗人员 medical personnel; health workforce; health workers

117. 一线医护人员 frontline health workers

118. 钟南山 Zhong Nanshan, a prominent Chinese expert in respiratory diseases (and a hero of the 2003 fight against SARS)

119. 定点医院 designated hospitals

120. 发热门诊 fever clinic

121. 重症监护病房 intensive care unit (ICU)

122. 检疫所 quarantine office

123. 药店 pharmacy; drugstore

五、病理症状

124. 病理 pathology

125. 病原体 pathogen

126. 病毒变异 virus variation

127. 病毒突变 virus mutation

128. 临床表现 clinical picture

129. 上呼吸道感染 upper respiratory tract infection (URTI)

130. 低氧血症 hypoxemia; low blood oxygen

131. 纤维化 fibrosis

132. 肺脓肿 lung abscess

133. 双肺浸润性病灶 infiltration in both lungs

134. 发热 fever

135. 乏力 fatigue

136. 干咳 dry cough

137. 头疼 headache

138. 胸闷 chest distress; chest oppression

139. 心慌 palpitations

140. 恶心想吐 nausea

141. 腹泻 diarrhea

142. 呼吸困难 dyspnea; respiratory distress; breathing difficulties

143. 呼吸急促（气促） shortness of breath; panting

144. 感染性休克 septic shock

六、器具名称

145. 红外体温测量仪 infrared thermometer

146. 体温检测热像仪 thermal imaging camera for temperature monitoring

147. 诊断器具 diagnostic tool/kit

148. 消毒液 disinfectant; antiseptic solution

149. 消毒湿巾 disinfectant/antiseptic wipes

150. 含酒精洗手液 alcohol-based hand rub/sanitizer

151. 口罩 facemask; mask

152. N95口罩 N95 mask/respirator

153. 医用外科口罩 surgical mask

154. 防护服 protective suit

155. 护目镜 goggles

156. 一次性手套 disposable gloves

157. 负压救护车 negative pressure ambulance

七、其他医学名词

158. 国际卫生条例 International Health Regulations (IHR)

159. 流行病学 epidemiology

160. 流行病学调查（流调） epidemiological investigation

161. 呼吸器官 respiratory organs

162. 呼吸道 respiratory tract

163. 消化系统 digestive system

164. 神经系统 nervous system

165. 肾功能 renal function

166. 流感 influenza; flu

167. 结膜炎 conjunctivitis; pink eye

168. 宿疾、慢性病 chronic ailment; chronic disease

169. 高血压 hypertension; high blood pressure

170. 糖尿病 diabetes; diabetes mellitus

171. 心血管病 cardiovascular disease

172. 基因序列 genetic sequence

173. 基因结构 genetic structure

174. 试剂 reagent

175. 诊断 diagnosis

176. 检测样本 test sample

177. 医学观察 medical watch; medical observation

178. 病毒分离 virus isolation

179. 抗病毒药 antiviral drug

180. 退烧药 febrifuge; antipyretic

Qter

国务院联防联控机制今天下午召开发布会，会上新闻发言人现场发布关于新冠病毒感染的肺炎暂命名的通知：新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎统一称谓为“新型冠状病毒肺炎”，简称“新冠肺炎”，英文名为“Novel coronavirus pneumonia”，简称为“NCP”。

Qter

　　①“冠状病毒”英文怎么说?

　　coronavirus 冠状病毒 =corona+virus 冠状的+病毒

　　而此次“新型冠状病毒”的英文是 novel coronavirus这里的 novel 不是“小说”而是一个形容词，表示“新型的”比如 a novel feature(新特性)例：

　　Before this outbreak, six coronaviruses had been identified in humans. Four caused relatively mild cold-like symptoms while the other two, Sars and Middle East respiratory syndrome (Mers), can be fatal.

　　此次疫情爆发之前，已知的人类冠状病毒有6种。四种引起相对轻度的类似感冒症状，而另外两种——非典和中东呼吸综合征(MERS)——可能致命。

　　coronavirus /kəˈronəvaɪrəs / 冠状病毒

　　这个词，可分解为两部分：corona：冠状物 (我们所说的 “日冕” 与 “光圈”，也是这个词)virus：病毒

　　Now，the fatal infectious disease caused by "Coronavirus" is called as "Chinese Pneumonia" on the Internet.现在，由于“冠状病毒”所引起的致命性传染病，在网络上被称之为“中国肺炎”。

　　fatal /ˈfeɪtl / ：a. 致命的;毁灭性的;灾难性的 (对于目前的状况来看，这的确是很丧的一个词儿!)

　　infectious disease/ ɪnˈfekʃəs dɪˈziːz / ：传染病

　　infectious /ɪnˈfekʃəs /：a.传染的 由 infect (v. 传染;感染)+ ious(形容词后缀)构成

　　infect / ɪnˈfekt /：v. 传染;感染 由 in (进入，使。。。)+ fect (做) 构成 ——咱可以想一下儿：传染或感染，不正是有害物质或病毒，侵入体内，对健康的肌体做坏事儿——进行破坏吗?

　　infection / ɪnˈfekʃn /：n. 传染 由 infect + -ion (名词后缀)构成

　　pneumonia / nuˈmoʊnɪə / n. 肺炎这个词，是由 pneumon- (肺)+ -ia (疾病名词后缀)构成

　　冠状病毒通常通过以下途径传播：

　　1. the air by coughing and sneezing

　　经由空气传播，比如咳嗽、打喷嚏

　　2. close personal contact, such as touching or shaking hands

　　通过人与人之间的近距离接触传播，比如触摸或者握手

　　3. touching an object or surface with the virus on it, then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes before washing your hands

　　通过触摸物品或感染病毒的用品表面传播，原因在于没洗手就触摸嘴、鼻和眼睛

　　4. rarely, fecal contamination

　　还有一种比较少见的，就是通过粪便传染

　　【相关词汇】

　　新型冠状病毒 novel coronavirus / new strain of coronavirus

　　呼吸道疾病 respiratory diseases

　　禽流感病毒 avian influenza virus

　　密切接触者 close contacts潜

　　伏期 incubation period

　　疑似病例 suspected case

　　确诊病例 confirmed case

　　得肺炎 get/catch pneumonia

　　接受医学观察 under medical observation

　　流行病学调查 epidemiological investigation

　　病毒爆发 virus outbreak

　　遏制疫情爆发 contain the outbreak

　　严格隔离政策 strict isolation policy

　　携带病毒 carrying the virus

　　超级传染源 superspreader

　　医疗费用报销 reimbursement for medical expenses

　　中国大部分地区口罩供应紧张 tight supplies in large areas of China

　　人传人 human-to-human transmission

　　医务人员感染 infection of medical worker

②如何预防“冠状病毒”

　　1. Clean hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub.用肥皂或者用含酒精的洗手液洗手。

　　2. Cover nose and mouth when coughing and sneezing with tissue or flexed elbow.咳嗽或打喷嚏时，用面巾纸或屈肘捂住口鼻。

　　3. Avoid close contact with anyone with cold or flu-like symptoms.避免跟有感冒或流感症状的人密切接触。

　　4. Thoroughly cook meat and eggs.将肉类和鸡蛋彻底煮熟。

　　5. Avoid unprotected contact with live wild or farm animals. 避免在未加防护的情况下接触野生动物或家畜。

　　③外媒相关报道

　　1. 什么是冠状病毒?

　　What is a coronavirus?Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals. In rare cases, they are what scientists call zoonotic, meaning they can betransmitted (传播，动词) from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

　　冠状病毒是一大类常见于动物的病毒的总称。

　　据美国疾病控制和预防中心称，在极少数情况下，科学家称之为“人畜共患疾病”，这意味着它们可以从动物传染给人类。

　　2. 冠状病毒症状

　　Coronavirus symptoms

　　The viruses can make people sick, usually with a mild to moderate upper respiratory tract (上呼吸道) illness, similar to a common cold.

　　For those with a weakened immune system, the elderly and the very young, there's a chance the virus could cause a lower, and much more serious, respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia (肺炎) or bronchitis (支气管炎).

　　There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known to be deadly (致命的), such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome).

　　The Wuhan coronavirus is currently thought to be more mild than SARS and MERS and takes longer to develop symptoms. Patients to date have typically experienced a mild cough for a week followed by shortness of breath (呼吸急促). So far, around 15% to 20% of cases have become severe, requiring, for example, ventilation in the hospital.

　　通常表现为轻中度上呼吸道疾病，症状类似于普通感冒。对于免疫力较弱的老年人和儿童，病毒有可能导致更严重的下部呼吸道疾病，如肺炎或支气管炎。

　　有些冠状病毒是致命的，如中东呼吸综合征(MERS)和SARS。

　　目前认为，武汉冠状病毒相较SARS和MERS更为温和，潜伏时间更长。到目前为止，患者通常在一周内出现轻微咳嗽，随后出现呼吸急促症状。目前，大约15%到20%的病例病情出现恶化情况，需要入院并接受呼吸机治疗。

3. 传播途径

　　How it spreadsViruses can spread from human contact (接触) with animals.

　　When it comes to human-to-human transmission (传播，名词) of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with an infected person's secretions (分泌物), such as droplets (小水滴，飞沫) in a cough.Depending on how virulent the virus is, a cough, sneeze or handshake could causeexposure (暴露，接触). The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes.

　　病毒可通过人类与动物的接触传播。

　　病毒在人与人之间传播时，通常发生在接触到感染者的分泌物时，例如咳嗽时的飞沫。

　　根据病毒的毒力，咳嗽、打喷嚏或握手都可能导致暴露。这种病毒也可以通过触摸被感染者触摸过的东西，然后触摸嘴、鼻子或眼睛来传播。

　　4. 感染人群

　　Who is affected?MERS, SARS and the Wuhan coronavirus appear to cause more severe disease in older people, though uncertainty remains around the latest outbreak (爆发). Of the cases of Wuhan coronavirus reported so far, none are yet confirmed to be among children. The average age is people 40 or over.

　　尽管最近的武汉冠状病毒疫情仍不确定，但MERS、SARS和武汉冠状病毒似乎在老年人中会引起更严重的症状。在迄今报道的武汉冠状病毒病例中，尚未证实有儿童感染。感染者平均年龄在40岁以上。

　　5. 冠状病毒感染的治疗

　　Coronavirus treatmentThere is no specific treatment, but research is underway. Most of the time, symptoms willgo away on their own (自行消失) and experts advise seeking care early. If symptoms feel worse than a standard cold, see your doctor.Doctors can relieve (缓解) symptoms by prescribing (开处方) a pain or fever medication.

　　目前还没有具体的治疗方法，但研究仍在进行中。多数情况下症状会自行消失，但专家建议尽早寻求治疗。如果症状比标准感冒更严重，请看医生。

　　医生可以通过开止痛药或退烧药来缓解症状。

　　6. 武汉新型冠状病毒严重程度

　　Should you worry about the Wuhan coronavirus?The Wuhan coronavirus fatality rate (致死率) is lower than for SARS and MERS, but stillcomparable (相当) to the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic (大流行病). The fatality rate is likely to be lower due to an "iceberg" of milder cases we are yet to find.

　　武汉冠状病毒死亡率低于SARS和MERS，但仍与1918年西班牙流感大流行相当。真实的病死率可能会更低，因为可能有大量较轻病例尚未发现。

　　7. 如何预防

　　How can you can prevent it?You may be able to reduce your risk of infection (感染) by avoiding people who are sick. Try to avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth. Wash your hands often with soap and water and for at least 20 seconds.Awareness is key. If you are sick and have reason to believe it may be the Wuhan coronavirus due to travel to the region or coming into contact with someone who has been there, you should let a health care provider know and seek treatment early.Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze, and disinfect (消毒) the objects and surfaces you touch.

　　可以通过避开病人来降低感染的风险。尽量避免触摸眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴。经常用肥皂洗手，每次洗手至少20秒的时间。

　　预防意识是关键。如果你前往过武汉或与曾去过那里的人接触，有理由怀疑自己感染了武汉冠状病毒，应报告医疗机构并尽早寻求治疗。咳嗽或喷嚏时捂住口鼻，并对触摸的物体和表面进行消毒。